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What happens to the effects of government-funded training programs over time?

This paper uses meta-analytic techniques to evaluate voluntary training programs to find out if the impacts of gove... Show more
This paper uses meta-analytic techniques to evaluate voluntary training programs to find out if the impacts of government-funded training programs on earnings grow or deteriorate over time. Some evidence is found that, for adult men and youth, after initially increasing, earnings impacts lessen over time. However, for adult women, the evidence reveals that earnings impacts initially grow and then remain undiminished. The authors recommend that future studies measure these impacts for a longer period of time to redress the lack of impact estimates for more than three years. In the meantime, it is suggested that cost-effectiveness assessments of training programs should allow for the possibility that, at least for adult women, earnings impacts might remain stable over time. Show less

Authors: Greenberg, David H.; Michalopoulos, Charles; Robins, Philip K.

Date: 2004

Geographic subjects: North America; United States

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Journal of human resources

Subjects: Youth; Employment; Disadvantaged ... [+] Show more
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Breaking the low pay, no pay cycle: the effects of the UK Employment Retention and Advancement programme

This paper presents the final economic results of the UK Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) programme. ERA'... Show more
This paper presents the final economic results of the UK Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) programme. ERA's distinctive combination of post-employment advisory support and financial incentives was designed to help low-income individuals who entered work sustain employment and advance in the labour market. ERA targeted three groups. ERA produced short-term earnings gains for two lone parent target groups. However, these effects generally faded after the programme ended, largely because the control group caught up with the ERA group. For the New Deal 25 Plus target group (mostly long term unemployed men), ERA produced modest but sustained increases in employment and earnings.
Published abstract reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Show less

Authors: Hendra, Richard; Riccio, James A.; Dorsett, Richard; Robins, Philip K.

Date: 2015

Geographic subjects: Great Britain; Europe

Resource type: Article

Journal title: IZA journal of labor policy

Subjects: Evaluation; Employment; Disadvantaged ... [+] Show more
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Tattoos, employment, and labor market earnings: is there a link in the ink?

The popularity of tattooing has increased substantially in recent years, particularly among adolescents and young a... Show more
The popularity of tattooing has increased substantially in recent years, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Moreover, tattooed images are permanent unless the individual opts for expensive, time consuming, and painful removal procedures. Given the increasing popularity of tattooing, and the permanent nature of this action, it is of interest to know whether tattooed workers are more or less likely to be employed and, conditional on employment, if they receive wages that are different from the wages of their non-tattooed peers. To investigate these questions, we analyze two large data sets - from the United States and Australia - with measures of tattoo status, employment, earnings, and other pertinent variables. Regardless of country, gender, specific measures, or estimation technique, the results consistently show that having a tattoo is negatively and significantly related to employment and earnings in bivariate analyses, but the estimates become smaller and nonsignificant after controlling for human capital, occupation, behavioral choices, lifestyle factors, and other individual characteristics related to labor market outcomes. Various robustness checks confirm the stability of the core findings. These results suggest that, once differences in personal characteristics are taken into account, tattooed and non-tattooed workers are treated similarly in the labor market. We offer suggestions for improving future surveys to enable a better understanding of the relationships between tattooed workers and their labor market outcomes.
Published abstract. Show less

Authors: French, Michael T.; Maclean, Johanna Catherine; Robins, Philip K.; Sayed, Bisma ... [+] Show more

Date: 2016

Geographic subjects: United States; North America; Australia ... [+] Show more

Resource type: Article

Journal title: Southern economic journal

Subjects: Employment; Income; Labour market ... [+] Show more
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Methodologies for determining the effectiveness of training programs

Other papers in this volume report findings on the effects of United States (US) government-sponsored training prog... Show more
Other papers in this volume report findings on the effects of United States (US) government-sponsored training programs that are obtained from some of the numerous evaluations conducted of those programs. This chapter focuses on the evaluations themselves, how they are used to measure training program effects and issues associated with measuring those effects, with the three major purposes of: attempting to provide guidance in interpreting the estimates of earnings effects reported in other chapters in this book; pointing out some of the limitations of existing estimates of the earnings effects of training programs; and suggesting potentially fruitful approaches that might be used in future evaluations to address some of the limitations of previous training program evaluations.
The volume of collected papers is indexed at TD/IRD 88.28. Show less

Authors: Friedlander, Daniel; Greenberg, David H.; Robins, Philip K.

Date: 1999

Geographic subjects: North America; United States

Resource type: Book chapter

Subjects: Finance; Governance; Policy ... [+] Show more
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Breaking the low-pay, no-pay cycle: final evidence from the UK Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) demonstration

This report presents the final results on the implementation, impacts, costs, and economic benefits of the UK Emplo... Show more
This report presents the final results on the implementation, impacts, costs, and economic benefits of the UK Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) programme. ERA's distinctive combination of post-employment advisory support and financial incentives was designed to help low-income individuals who entered work sustain employment and advance in the labour market. Launched in 2003 in selected Jobcentre Plus offices, ERA targeted three groups: (1) unemployed lone parents receiving Income Support and volunteering for the New Deal for Lone Parents welfare-to-work programme; (2) lone parents working part time and receiving Working Tax Credit; and (3) long-term unemployed people aged 25 or older receiving Jobseeker's Allowance who were required to participate in the New Deal 25 Plus welfare-to-work programme. The effectiveness of the programme was evaluated using a random assignment research design. The evaluation found that ERA produced short-term earnings gains for the two lone parent target groups. The early gains resulted from increases in the proportion of participants who worked full time (at least 30 hours per week). However, these effects generally faded after the programme ended, largely because the control group caught up with the ERA group. More impressive were the results for the long-term unemployed participants (mostly men) in the New Deal 25 Plus target group. For them, ERA produced modest but sustained increases in employment and substantial and sustained increases in earnings. These positive effects emerged after the first year and were still evident at the end of a five-year follow-up period. The earnings gains were accompanied by lasting reductions in benefits receipt. ERA proved cost-effective for this group from the perspectives of the participants themselves, the Government budget, and society as a whole.
Abstract from MDRC website. Show less

Authors: Hendra, Richard; Riccio, James A.; Dorsett, Richard; Smith, Jared ... [+] Show more

Date: 2011

Geographic subjects: Great Britain; Europe

Resource type: Government report or paper

Series name: Department for Work and Pensions research report

Subjects: Employment; Labour market; Participation ... [+] Show more

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What happens to the effects of government-funded training programs over time?

Breaking the low pay, no pay cycle: the effects of the UK Employment Retention and Advancement programme

Tattoos, employment, and labor market earnings: is there a link in the ink?

Methodologies for determining the effectiveness of training programs

Breaking the low-pay, no-pay cycle: final evidence from the UK Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) demonstration